What is the main difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?

The primary distinction between a psychologist and a psychiatrist lies in the educational background and training regarding medical practice. A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who has completed medical school and residency training in psychiatry. This medical training equips psychiatrists with the ability to understand the biological aspects of mental health, diagnose a wide range of mental health conditions, and, crucially, prescribe medications as part of treatment.

While psychologists also play an essential role in mental health care, they typically hold a doctoral degree in psychology (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) and focus primarily on the therapeutic aspects of mental health through counseling, testing, and psychotherapy. Their training does not include the medical training that psychiatrists receive, which is why they cannot prescribe medications in most jurisdictions.

The distinction helps clarify the different roles each professional plays in patient care. Psychiatrists often address the biological and pharmacological aspects of mental health, while psychologists concentrate on behavioral and psychological therapies. Understanding these differences is important for individuals seeking mental health support, as it aids in selecting the right type of professional for their specific needs.