What does NPO stand for in medical terms?

NPO stands for "nothing by mouth," which is a medical instruction typically given to patients before certain procedures or surgeries. This directive means that the patient should not consume any food or beverages for a specified period of time prior to the procedure. The reason for this instruction is to prevent complications such as aspiration, where food or liquid could enter the lungs during anesthesia, leading to serious health issues.

In clinical settings, adhering to this guideline is crucial for patient safety, particularly before surgeries or certain diagnostic tests that require an empty stomach. The use of NPO helps ensure that the medical team can carry out their procedures without risk of complications associated with consumption of food or liquids. This understanding is essential for medical office personnel, as they often communicate these instructions to patients and ensure compliance.